人力资本、城镇化与城乡居民收入差距

A Research on Human Capital,Urbanization and Urban-Rural Income Gap

随着经济社会的快速发展,2011年我国城镇化率突破50%,但城乡二元结构及其惯性依然存在,最典型的表现就是城乡收入差距日益扩大。本文以人力资本为视角,通过构建城乡二元分析框架对我国人力资本、城镇化和城乡居民收入差距间的内在机理进行了剖析,采用1997-2012年中国31个省区的省域面板数据,运用面板VAR方法进行了实证检验。研究发现,城镇化在发展初期会拉大城乡居民收入差距,后期将以较强持久力、较大力度促进其显著缩小;长期而言,城镇化发展可促进农村人力资本水平的相对提高,导致城乡人力资本差距缩小,间接促进城乡居民收入差距的缩减。

With the rapid development of economy and society,Chings urbanization breaks 50 in 2011. But the urban-rural dual structure shill exists, and the most typical performance is the growing of the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, the paper analyses urban-rural income gap, urbanization and human capital in China using an urban-rural dual-economic framework based on the provincial panel data and makes empirical test with panel VAR. The research shows that in the early stage of urbanization development, it expands urban-rural income gap but in the late it reduces urban-rural income gap with strong endurance and greater efforts. In the long run, urbanization de velopment plays an active role on promoting rural human capital, and reduces urban-rural human capital gap,indirectly reduces urban-rural income gao.