399份生活饮用水微生物指标检测与分析

Detection and Analysis of Microbial Indicators in 399 Samples of Drinking Water

目的了解长春市生活饮用水中的微生物指标检出情况,为有关部门加强饮用水监督管理提供科学依据。方法按照《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》（GB/T5750-2006）和《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749-2006）进行水样中的菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌的检测和评价。结果 2013—2014年共检测长春市生活饮用水399份,合格率为92.48%;2014年生活饮用水合格率高于2013年（χ^2=4.32,P〈0.05）;影响水质合格率的指标是总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌和菌落总数;出厂水合格率最高,为100.00%,井水合格率最低,为81.25%;在枯水期水样的合格率高于在丰水期的合格率（χ^2=17.17,P〈0.05）。结论长春市水质卫生质量逐年改善,但饮水安全还存在一定程度风险。应加强对井水、末梢水及二次供水的卫生管理,尤其应加强丰水期生活饮用水的监测和监督,以保障市民饮用水安全。

Objective To understand the detection of microbial indicators in drinking water in Changchun City,and provide the scientific basis for strengthening the monitoring control of drinking water for relevant departments. Methods Total number of colonies,Total colifroms,heat-resistant coliform and Escherichia coli was detected and evaluated according to drinking water srandard test methods（GB/T5750-2006） and drinking water srandard for health（GB 5749-2006）. Results 399 samles of drinking water were tested from 2013 to 2014 in Changchun City,and the qualified rate was 92.48%. the qualified rate of drinking water in 2014 was higher than in 2013 （χ^2=4.32,P＆lt;0.05）. Affect the qualified rate of the water quality indicators is total coliforms, heat-resistant coliform,Escherichia coli and the total number of colonies. the qualified rate of finished water which was the highest was 100%,and the lowest qualified rate was 81.25%of well water. the qualified rate of wet season was higher than in dry season （χ2=17.17,P〈0.05）. Conclusion The quality of drinking water of Changchun city improved year by year, but there was a certain degree of risk in drinking water safety. More health management of well water, tap water and secondary water supply,especially more monitoring and surveillance of drinking water in wet season should be strengthened to protect citizens drinking water safety.