吉林省廉租住房保障的经济学分析及政策选择

Economic Analysis and Policy Option of Low-Rent Housing Security in Jilin Province

我国目前已初步建立了多层次的住房保障体系,为使城镇低收入家庭获得基本的住房保障,实施廉租住房政策。吉林省廉租住房保障采取实物配租和租赁货币补贴两种方式。基于效用理论和调研数据的研究表明:两种方式都会提高低收入家庭的效用水平;实物配租方式的优势在于能够直接改善低收入家庭居住条件,但当居住条件并非家庭最亟须满足的需求时,实物配租方式对低收入家庭整体效用水平的提升作用并不显著;从公平与效率和地方政府的承受能力来看,租赁货币补贴方式优于实物配租方式。在租赁市场供给总量存在刚性不足的情况下,应以实物配租为主要保障方式;当市场存量住房达到一定水平时,租赁货币补贴应成为主要方式。

A multi-level housing security system has been initially established in China. Low-rent housing policy in the system is to ensure the urban low-income families to obtain the basic housing security. There are two ways,physical distribution of rent and rental subsidies,are adopted to implement low-rent housing policy in Jilin Province. The research based on the utility theory and the survey data draws the following conclusions. Firstly,two ways can improve the utility level of low-income families. Secondly,the advantage of physical distribution of rent is that it will directly improve the living conditions of low-income families,but it will not significantly promote the overall utility level for the low-income families that improving living conditions isn't their most urgent need. Last but not least,the way of rental subsidies is better than physical distribution of rent considering the factors of equity,efficiency and the capacity of local government.So government should choose physical distribution of rent as the main way of low-rent housing policy when there are serious supply deficiencies in rental market in the early of the housing market development. But rental subsidies should become the main way when the gap between supply and demand is small in rental market.