组织起来:传统互助合作的改造问题——以华北根据地为中心

Organize: The Issue of Transforming Traditional Helping Each Other and Cooperating——Centered in Base Areas of Northern China

在我国,传统的互助合作历史悠久且形式多种多样。在广大的华北根据地,民众基于解决生产困难的主因,创造出一系列种类繁多、变种复杂的互助合作形式。传统互助合作行为主要起到防止生产中断、满足民众生存需要的作用,受社会经济发展的深层制约,其时间、范围、规模都有局限性,对发展生产意义不大。理论和现实需要的双重动因使中国共产党以"组织起来"为号召对边区的传统互助合作形式进行了改造。但在这一过程中,不同程度地违反了自愿、互利、民主等原则,发生一些问题。"组织起来"作为中国共产党改造农业生产关系的较早的一次尝试,具有深远的历史意义。

Traditionally, China had a long history of helping each other and cooperating. Also, how to help or cooperate had a variety of forms. In the extensive base areas of northern China,faced with the difficulty in producing and in order to deal with it,folks created a series of complicated forms of variants to help each other and cooperate. It did play a positive role in preventing production from suspension and it did have a positive effect in satisfying folks＇ living needs. However, conditioned by the development of social economy, its time, range and scale were all confined to a limited degree. So it hardly made difference to promoting the production. Motivated by the ideology and practical needs,Chinese Communist Party（CCP） transformed the traditional forms of helping each other and cooperating in the slogan of＂ Organize＂. Nonetheless, in this process CCP didn＇t see its nature and its being restricted by history clearly. Thus, the results went against being voluntary, beneficial mutually and democratic to different degrees. Many problems were caused. Organize,regarded as one attempt to transform the production relation in CCP＇s early years, was of great historical significance.