儿童结核病的特点与诊治进展

Characteristics of Childhood Tuberculosis and Advances in Its Diagnosis and Treatment

目的探讨儿童结核病的特点和诊断、治疗新进展,以提高对该病的诊治水平。方法使用检索词"child""tuberculosis""diagnosis""treatment"和"儿童""结核病""诊断""治疗"等在Pubmed、Web of science和万方数据、中国知网等数据库中检索相关文献,并结合临床诊治经验,进行文献复习。结果儿童结核病易出现全身播散且肺外结核多见,诊断过程中难以采集有效的检测样本,目前临床没有系统的儿童耐药结核病诊治方案且缺乏适合儿童使用的药物剂型。结论儿童结核病较成人结核病复杂,其诊断依靠多种检测手段综合判断,控制难度大,早期诊治尤为重要。

Objective To explore the characteristics of childhood tuberculosis and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in order to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Methods Key words“child”“tuberculosis”“diagno-sis” and “treatment” were used to retrieve relevant literatures from Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI and Wanfang databases.The literatures were reviewed and clinical experience summarized. Results Disseminated tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tubercu-losis were common in children with tuberculosis. It was difficult to collect with samples of diagnostic value for detection. There counterparts were no systematic diagnosis and treatment programs available for children with drug-resistant tuberculosis,and phar-maceutical dosage forms tailored for children were lacking. Conclusion Tuberculosis in children is more complex to diagnose and treat than in adult counterpart.Diagnosis of this disease relies on a variety of diagnostic methods.It＇s still challenging to control childhood tuberculosis.