生物基阻燃型增塑剂的合成及在聚氯乙烯中的应用

Synthesis of Biological Basis Flame Retardant Plasticizer and Its Application in Polyvinyl Chloride

探索了一种价廉、无毒阻燃增塑剂的合成方法。采用可再生资源大豆油(SBO)为原料,通过酯交换法合成了大豆油甲酯,在催化剂钛酸正丁酯的作用下,通过与三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯(THEIC)反应引入氮元素合成三(大豆油乙酯)异氰脲酸酯(THEIC-SBO);再将其中的不饱和键进行氧化得到三(环氧大豆油乙酯)异氰脲酸酯(THEIC-ESBO)。采用磁共振氢谱、红外光谱对该阻燃增塑剂进行结构表征,通过热重对其热稳定性进行分析;将该产品与聚氯乙烯(PVC)以及稳定剂等进行共混,分别通过转矩流变仪、微量注射成型机注塑成型后,使用扫描电镜、万能拉力试验机、极限氧指数仪、锥形量热仪、动态力学分析仪对增塑体系的增塑性能和阻燃能力进行测试。实验表明,该阻燃增塑剂与PVC有较好的相容性,可有效改进PVC增塑体系的柔韧性;当含量达到30%(质量分数)时,极限氧指数为27.5%。表明该产品不仅有效地增加了PVC的塑性,同时也提高了阻燃性能。

A kind of low price, nontoxic flame retardant plasticizer was synthesized. Using renewable resources soybean oil （SBO） as raw materials to replace fossil fuels, preparing the soybean oil methyl ester by ester exchange with methanol; then under the action of catalyst tetrabutyl titanate, soybean oil methyl ester reacted with 1,3,5-tris （2-hydroxyethyl） cyanurie acid （THEIC） to introduce nitrogen to synthesize 1,3,5-tris （soybean oil ethyl ester） cyanuric acid （THEIC-SBO） ; then the unsaturated bond was oxidized to get 1,3,5-tris （epoxy soybean oil ethyl ester） cyanuric acid （THEIC-ESBO）, which is the target product. The structure of the flame retardant plasticizer was characterized by 1H-NMR and FT-IR, its thermal stability was also studied by TG; blending the product with polyvinyl chloride （PVC） and stabilizer etc, respectively by torque rheometer and trace injection moulding machine to get samples, then the plasticy and flame retardant ability of plasticizing system were tested by SEM, universal tensile testing machine, limit oxygen index apparatus （LOI）, cone calorimeter （CONE）, dynamic mechanical analyzer （DMA）. Experiments show that the flame retardant plasticizer has good compatibility with PVC and can effectively improve the flexibility of the PVC system; when the mass fraction of the flame retardant plasticizer reaches 30 %, LOI is 27.5 %. The product can not only effectively increase the PVC plastic, but also improve the flame retardant performance.