刚性透水结构作用下水流泥沙特性研究综述

Flow and sediment characteristics near rigid permeable structures

河道治理及航道整治工程中常用的岸滩守护结构分为实体结构和透水结构两种,其中透水结构具有较大的孔隙率,能够起到消能、防冲促淤的效果,被广泛应用。以植被及四面六边透水框架为代表,结合国内外研究成果,对透水结构作用下水流泥沙特性进行综述,进而指出目前存在的不足之处并提出展望,为后续的研究工作提供参考。相关研究成果表明:与实体结构会引起局部水流剧烈变化不同,透水结构对水流能量的消减较为缓和,阻力特性与淹没程度、孔隙空间结构等有关,其产生的水流紊动呈各向异性,另外,从生态保护的角度来看,透水结构不阻隔物质交换,有利于生境多样化。

Protective structures utilized in the river regulation and channel regulation works are generally divided into solid structures and permeable structures. The permeable structures with large porosity can dissipate the flow energy and control erosion effectively, so they are used widely. Taking the tetrahedron-like penetrating frame and vegetation for example, we summarize the research on the behavior of water flow and sediment affected by permeable structures,discuss the limitation of current research,and give some ideas for the future studies. Research findings show that unlike the solid structures, permeable structures dissipate the flow energy mildly, and its resistance characteristic is correlated with the submerged depth and the pore structure,the flow turbulence caused by permeable structures has anisotropic property, and the structures make the mass exchange possible which is conductive to the habitat diversification.