不同任务领域下小学生风险决策的框架效应

Framing Effects in Risky Decision Made By Pupils in Different Domain

选取小学生(二年级、五年级)作为被试,探究小学生对于不同任务领域(生命、财产、娱乐)风险决策的框架效应及其在年级的差异特点。研究表明:框架效应受任务领域的影响,小学生在生命和财产领域中存在框架效应。在娱乐领域,不同年级的小学生均未产生框架效应。不同年级的小学生在不同任务领域,受框架效应的影响不同,在生命领域二年级学生受框架效应的影响更大,偏好逆转程度更大;在财产领域五年级学生更易受到框架影响,产生框架效应;在娱乐领域低年级学生更倾向于肯定方案的选择,风险规避。

This study explored elementary school students（ including second grade students and fifth gr- ade students） risky choice framing effects in different tasks domain（ life,property,entertainment） and t- heir differences in grade. The result indicated： The extent of framing effects depended on tasks doma- in,subjects had framing effects in life and property domain. In entertainment domain,there was no s- ign of framing effects among pupils of different grades. In different task domain,the effect of framing effects on pupil of different grade was different. In life domain,the second grade students were more l- ikely to be influenced by framing effects,and the extent of preference reversal were greater. In property domain,fifth grade students were more likely to be influenced by framing effects. In entertainment domain,students of lower grades were more inclined to choose a sure solution and were risk- averse.