固定化微生物对海洋溢油的修复研究

Study on Application of Immobilized Microorganism in Marine Oil Spill Bioremediation

溢油对海洋生态环境和海洋资源都有长期的危害,溢油污染已经成为人们必须面对的重大环境问题。微生物修复技术可以处理物理方法和化学方法无法清除的残余溢油是恢复生态环境的最佳途径。固定化技术与微生物结合,能够保持微生物高密度、高活性,增强其环境耐受性,提高其降解石油烃的效率,得到了研究者的重视。本文介绍了固定化材料和方法,降解石油烃的微生物的种群,综述了固定化细菌、真菌、微藻在海水、滩涂溢油修复中的研究进展,菌藻组合的优势及在石油烃降解修复中的应用,并对其发展方向进行了展望。

Marine oil spill can hazard marine ecological environment and resource for a long times, and it becomes a serious environmental problem. Microorganism remediation is the best way to deal with the residual oil which is failed to be cleaned up by the physical and chemical methods. Combining immobilized technology and microorganism attracted many researchers＇ eyes, for its advantage of high density and high activity of microorganism, and more tolerance to environment, which could improve the efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons degradation. In this paper, materials and methods of immobilized technology and species of microorganism de-grading petroleum hydrocarbons were introduced, the progress of the utilization of immobilized bacteria, fungus and micro-algae in remediation of seawater and shore oil spill was reviewed and the advantages of immobilized algae-bacteria and its application in remediation of marine oil spill were summarized. Finally, an outlook on the development of microorganism immobilized in remediation of marine oil spill was introduced.