湖北省2010～2014年度流行性感冒流行态势分析

Analysis of the Prevalent Status of Influenza in Hubei Province in 2010-2014

目的对2010~2014年度湖北省流感流行态势进行分析,为流行性感冒疾病的防控提供科学数据支持。方法通过流行病学调查、病原学监测、流感病毒分型监测和暴发疫情监测,对湖北省近年的流感流行状况进行分析。结果2010~2014年,湖北省共报告75起流感样病例暴发疫情,流感样病例（influenza-like illness,ILI）比例平均为2.71%;0~5岁年龄组人群在ILI中所占比例最大,为62.48%;60岁以上年龄组人群所占比例最小,仅为2.91%。各年龄组流感样病例比例随时间呈现季节性差异。流感病毒检出型别分布呈现交替流行态势,2011及2013年度流感流行呈冬春季单峰,其余年度均呈现冬春季及夏季2个流行高峰。疫情报告的时间分布主要为每年春节前后及开学季。结论湖北省流感流行峰及优势型别呈现季节性及交替分布态势,长期而恒定的流行病学及病原学监测可以为流感疫情的预警、疫苗株的选择提供良好的实验室依据。

Objective To investigate the prevalent patterns of influenza in Hubei province during 2010-2014. Methods The epidemic status of influenza in Hubei province in recent years was analyzed by using epidemiological, etiologic, viral genoty- ping and outbreak monitoring data. Results In 2010-2014,a total of 75 influenza outbreaks were reported in Hubei. The average percentage of influenza-like illness（ILI）was 2.71%. Patients with ILI were mainly children aged 0 5 years（62.48%）. ILI patients at age of 60 years and older were among the lowest proportion of patients（2.91%）. The ILI proportion in each age group showed a seasonal variation. Influenza virus subtypes occurred alternatively by year. In 2011 and 2013, there was only a winter/spring peak. In other years, there were two epidemic peaks with one peak in winter/spring and another in summer. Outbreaks were mainly reported around the Spring Festival and the beginning of each semester. Conclusion The epidemic peak of influenza is of seasonal nature and the preponderant strains of influenza viruses occur alternatively by year. Long term epidemic and etiological surveillance can provide early warning of influenza outbreaks and guide the selection of strains for the annual influenza vaccine.