穿越时空的历史回应——俄国白银时代哲学家论《西方的没落》

Chrono-Cross Historical Response——Russian Silver Age Philosophers' Review on “The Decline of the West”

斯宾格勒的《西方的没落》问世之后迅即享誉世界,该书不仅在欧洲而且在世界其他国家都引发轰动性效应。《西方的没落》传入俄国后立即在思想领域遭到不同的礼遇,一极以谢·弗兰克、尼·别尔嘉耶夫为代表,他们从宗教世界观出发,以惊人的速度消化吸收、展开批判性研究并汇编成文辑出版;另一极以列宁为代表的马克思主义研究者们,他们从构建无产阶级文化角度出发,把斯宾格勒的思想作为资产阶级哲学体系的一元而展开严厉地批判、清算。从共时性维度而言,20世纪20年代以弗兰克为代表的宗教哲学家们的集体性回应无疑成为世界领域内研究斯宾格勒思想的重要一维。

Spengler＇s ＂The Decline of the West＂has been a sensation worldwide since the very beginning. When it was introduced to Russia,the response was quite different.Scholars,represented by Franck and Nicolas Berdyaev,published a series of reviews from a religion perspective while,on the other hand,Marxists from proletariat view,represented by Lenin,criticized Spengler＇s ideas as capitalism bourgeoisie. Synchronically,the responses from religious philosophers in the 1920 s,for example Franck,make a significance dimension for this study.