体育非物质文化遗产的传承模式及其变迁

The modes of inheritance of nonmaterial cultural heritage of sports and their evolution

从传承模式的宏观视角,以传承的主导力量为划分依据,提出体育非遗存在自然传承、国家传承、社会传承3种模式。研究认为传承主体由个体走向群体,传承场域由乡村走向城镇,传承内容由仪式走向身体动作,传承手段由单一走向多元,传承目的由娱神走向娱人是体育非遗传承模式变迁表现,并预测社会传承模式将逐步成为体育非遗传承的主导模式。研究认为体育非遗传承模式变迁的动因包括自然环境、科学技术、经济体制、社会组织等。社会文化生态结构模式的变化,首先引起传承模式各要素的变化,传承模式各要素的变化又必然决定体育非遗传承模式的变迁。

From the macroscopic perspective of mode, by using the dominant force of inheritance as the criterion for classifi-cation, the authors put forward that nonmaterial cultural heritage of sports had 3 modes of inheritance, namely, natural inheri-tance, national inheritance and social inheritance. Secondly, the authors believed that the subject of inheritance changing from individuals to groups, the field of inheritance changing from villages to cities, the content of inheritance changing from rituals to body movements, the means of inheritance changing from single to multiple, and the purpose of inheritance changing from god amusement to people amusement, were specific signs of evolution of the modes of inheritance of nonmaterial cultural heritage of sports, and predicted that the mode of social inheritance would gradually become the dominant mode of inheritance of nonmaterial cultural heritage of sports. The authors put forward the following opinions： the causes for the evolution of the modes of inheritance of nonmaterial cultural heritage of sports include natural environment, science and technology, economic system, social organization and value view etc; the change of the mode of social cultural ecological structure first caused the change of various elements in the modes of inheritance, and then the change of various elements in the modes of inheritance inevitably determined the evolution of the modes of inheritance of nonmaterial cultural heritage of sports.