安徽省中小学生视力不良流行特征分析

Secular trends of low vision from 2005 to 2014 among primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province

目的了解2005—2014年安徽省中小学生视力不良检出情况及动态变化,为制定学生近视防控策略提供依据。方法利用2005,2010和2014年安徽省学生体质健康调研资料,分析近10 a安徽省7-18岁中小学生视力不良检出情况及动态变化。结果 2005,2010和2014年安徽省中小学生视力不良检出率分别为45.8%,57.4%和63.2%,重度视力不良检出率分别为24.6%,30.9%和37.5%,重度视力不良所占视力不良的比重分别为53.8%,53.8%,59.3%,视力不良和重度视力不良检出率城市学生高于乡村学生,女生高于男生。2005—2014年安徽省中小学生视力不良检出率的增长速度表现为乡男〉城男〉乡女〉城女,10-12岁学生重度视力不良构成比增幅最高。结论安徽省中小学生视力不良和重度视力不良检出率城乡、男女差异逐步缩小,青春早期增幅迅猛。应积极采取措施遏制视力不良的发展。

Objective To describe the secular trends of decreased visual acuity（ VA） from 2005 to 2014 among children and adolescents in Anhui Province. Methods Data came from the 2005, 2010 and 2014 waves of Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health in Anhui Province. Prevalence and the secular trends of decreased VA were analyzed by age and sex, respectively. Results The overall prevalence of low vision was 45. 8%, 57. 4% and 63. 2% in 2005, 2010 and 2014, respectively. The prevalence of severely low vision was 24. 6%, 30. 9% and 37. 5% in 2005, 2010 and 2014, respectively. Low vision and severely low vision were more prevalent in rural than urban areas from 2005 to 2014 in China. Boys were more susceptible than girls to having the increasing trend of reduced VA and severe reduced VA. In the age groups of 7 to 9 years and 10 to 12 years, rapid growth of reduced VA and severely reduced VA were found. The prevalence of severely low vision were 53. 8%, 53. 8% and 59. 3% in 2005,2010 and 2014, respectively. Girls and rural students were more vulnerable than boys and urban students having severe low vision.Rapid increasing trend of severely low vision was found in 7- 9, 10- 12 and 13- 15 years-old age groups. Conclusion There is an increasing trend of low vision and severe low vision over the past 10 years. Moreover, severe low vision increased rapidly in recent years. More comprehensive measures, combined education and public health, will help a healthy progression on prevention and control of reduced VA among Chinese school students.