狂犬病疫苗接种后不良反应的发生原因分析及护理策略

Analysis of the Causes of Adverse Reactions After Rabies Vaccination and Nursing Strategies

目的分析狂犬病疫苗接种后不良反应的发生原因及相关护理方法。方法收集我院门诊接种狂犬疫苗者800例,其中100例发生不良反应,进行注射前护理、注射时进行不良反应的护理和心理护理,分析不良反应发生与年龄、性别、针次的关系,分析其主要临床症状。结果不良反应在性别见分布差异无统计学意义,年龄<10岁者不良反应发生率高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。注射第1针后不良反应发生率明显高于第2针、第3针、第4针、第5针,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。症状为注射部位红肿、疼痛、瘙痒、硬结的患者的比例最高,其次为发热、乏力,最低的是淋巴结肿大。结论不良反应主要发生在<10岁、>60岁的年龄段,第1次针刺注射后发生较多,临床症状以局部不良反应为主,护理时根据这些特点针对性处理可有效减少不良反应的发生风险。

Objective To analyze the causes of adverse reactions after rabies vaccination and the related nursing methods. Methods A total of 800 cases of outpatients vaccinated with rabies vaccine in our hospital, adverse reactions occurred in 100 cases. Before the injection, Nursing care and psychological nursing for the patients with adverse reactions, to analyze the relationship with age, gender and the times of injection and the main clinical symptoms of adverse reactions. Results There was no statistical difference in the adverse reaction in the sex, the incidence rate of adverse reactions about who less than 10 years old was higher than that of other age groups, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The incidence rate of adverse reactions after injection of first needles was higher than that of second needles, third needles, fourth needles, fifth needles, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The high proportion of symptoms of the injection site which appear redness, pain, itching and induration, followed by fever, fatigue, the least is lymph node enlargement. Conclusion Adverse reactions mainly occur less than 10 years old and more than 60 years old, after the first needling injection occurred more. The clinical symptoms of local adverse reactions, according to the characteristics of targeted treatment, the nursing can effectively reduce the risk of adverse reaction.