“心主神明”的内涵与外延浅析

Initial Analysis of Connotation and Extension of “Heart Governing Spirit”

《黄帝内经》中"心者,君主之官,神明出焉"一句可视为心主神明论的总纲。从内容上来讲,心主神明论的理论框架可以总括为以下几个方面:从形态看,心为神之舍;从功能看,心为神之主;从生理看,心得神则生;从病理看,心失神则死。从形式上来讲,《黄帝内经》心主神明论的表述方式有直接和间接之分。从意义上来讲,心主神明论可不拘泥于五行生克制化的规律,比五脏藏神论阐述问题更为灵活。两种理论一合一分,相得益彰。脑主神明的提出使心主神明受到极大挑战,二者对后世精神疾病、神经疾病和心身疾病的诊疗都具有重要的理论指导意义和临床实践价值。

The sentence ＂Heart,office of monarch,is where spirit comes from＂is from Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon（ 黄帝内经）,which could be considered as the general principle of heart governing spirit theory. From the aspect of content,the theoretical framework of heart governing spirit theory includes that heart is the house of spirit（ from shape）,heart is the master of spirit（ from function）,human lives owing to fullness of vitality（ from physiology）,as well as human dies due to loss of vitality（ from pathology）. From the aspect of form,the expression ways of heart governing spirit theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon are direct and indirect. From the aspect of significance,heart governing spirit theory,not confined with principles of restriction and generation of five phases,is more flexible than five-Zang viscera storing spirit theory in explaining problems. One theory is combined; the other is divided. They are mutually reinforcing. Heart governing spirit is greatly challenged by the proposition of brain governing spirit. They both have important theoretical guiding significance and clinical practice value for later generations in diagnosing and treating mental,nervous and psychosomatic diseases.