国内马尾松采脂林经营研究综述

Management Technology of Resin-tapping Plantations of Pinus massoniana in China

目前,中国采脂劳动成本持续上涨,松脂价格不稳定并且偏低,采脂经济效益不高,尤其是分散经营的脂农,采脂经济效益抵不过采脂林出材量减少的损失和劳务支出的费用,林农采脂积极性不高,致使松脂产业面临原料短缺的问题越来越严重。而国内松脂价格的提高,不仅会削弱中国松脂产品在国际市场上的竞争力,不利于国内松脂产业发展,还会诱发国际松脂价格飙升,使松脂产品面临被石油树脂取代威胁,松脂产业危机重重。笔者从良种选育、生态环境、测树因子、采脂技术、经营措施等方面对目前国内马尾松采脂林经营研究现状进行了全面概括,以期为马尾松采脂新工艺研发、新品种选育和采脂林经营管理系统的完善提供理论依据,为采脂工人提供技术指导,提高劳动效率和其对资源利用率,进而为解决当前采脂劳动成本高,经济效益低的问题找到出路。

At present, the domestic cost of resin-tapping is increasing, the price of rosin fluctuates frequentlyand is relatively low, which causes low economic benefit of resin-tapping. Especially for decentralized rosinfarmers, since the benefits cannot offset the loss of the wood for tapping and the cost of resin-tapping, farmers＇ willingness for resin-tapping is not high, and the resin industry is facing the problem of raw material shortage.But the price rise in the domestic market will weaken the position of Chinese rosin products in the internationalmarket and lead to a dramatic increase of international rosin products, which will induce the replacement ofrosin products by petroleum resins. In this review, technologies of variety breeding, ecological influence, treefactor, tapping methods, plant density, soil factor and so on in China are summarized, in order to providecertain theoretical reference for developing new technology of Pinus massoniana tapping and improvingbusiness management system of high- yield Pinus massoniana plantations, give technical guidance for theresin- tapping farmers, and find a solution to the problem of high cost and raw material shortage in resinindustry.