1995年以来长春市开放空间时空演化特征与动力机制

Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and dynamic mechanism of the open space in Changchun City

依据1995年、2003年、2008年长春市土地利用现状图和2014年长春市卫星影像图,借助于Arc GIS技术,综合运用空间重心法、扩展方式测定指数法以及缓冲区分析法,对长春市开放空间时空演化特征与动力机制进行研究,结果表明:(1)长春市开放空间的扩展方向重点经历了"东南方向—东北方向—西北方向"空间变化过程,并且其在经历了较大的空间跃迁之后开始进入了相对平稳的发展阶段,开放空间整体空间布局得到优化。(2)长春市开放空间遵循"飞地式+填充式"扩展模式,但不同阶段扩展模式具有显著的特点。(3)局部集聚与整体扩散是长春市开放空间演变的总体特征,经过多年郊区化的发展,"单中心结构"有进一步向"多中心结构"演化的趋势。在以上研究结果的基础上,文章认为自然条件、开发区的成立与快速发展、城市空间结构的单中心性、城市规划的调控作用以及土地制度的改革是长春市开放空间扩展的动力机制。

Open space plays an important role in the improvement of land value, ecological environment and urban spatial structure. The research on open space has become a hotspot. Based on the land utilization present situation chart of 1995, 2003 and 2008, the remote sensing images of Changchun City, Jilin Province, China of 2013, by using ArcGIS technology, and in combination with the gravity research methods of distribution center, the extended mode determination index and buffer analysis method, this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and dynamic mechanism of the open space in Changchun. Results show as follows：（1） the gravity center of open space presented volatile clearly, which was located at the southeast during 1995-2003, whereas located at the northeast during 2003-2008 and in the northwest during 2008-2013. After a large space-transition, Changchun stepped into a relatively stable developing stage, and the integrated space layout of open space was optimized.（2） The overall extension mode of open space was given priority to ＂enclave type ＋ filling type＂, but different stages had different characteristics. Open space in the central urban area was constantly replaced by living space and service space during 1995-2003, and the extension mode of the open space was dominated by shaft extension and auxiliary by cohesive filling during 2003-2008, while dominated by enclave expansion and auxiliary by shaft extension during 2008-2014;（3） Local agglomeration and overall diffusion was the evolution characteristics of the open space, but it was still presented the structure of ＂one center＂; however, after the suburbanization developments for many years, it presented the evolution trend to ＂multi-center＂ structure. On the basis of the above research results, this paper regards the natural conditions, establishment and rapid development of development zones, single center-city space structure, the urban planning, and reform of land use system as the dynamic mechanism of the extension characteristics of the open space in Changchun. This paper broke the pattern of previous research which either study on the qualitative analysis or using the accessibility measure to the quantitative analysis, providing a new way to research on the open space. This paper could provide the reference for the optimization of urban spatial structure and the development strategy of urban space.