行政行为瑕疵的自然补正

Natural Correction of Flaws of State Action

行政行为瑕疵除了可以通过人的有意识行为补正外,还存在嗣后事实或法律状态变化使其自然补正的情形。自然补正符合实质正义的价值追求,是对形式正义的纠偏和修正,契合实质法治的理念和治理模式。自然补正可以适用于具有轻微程序瑕疵的行政行为,包括授益行政行为和负担行政行为。对于违反非实质性实体要件的行政行为,从保护相对人权益角度考虑,负担行政行为一般不能自然补正,授益行政行为可以自然补正。《行政许可司法解释》第10条体现了授益行政行为瑕疵自然补正的一般规律,可以类推适用于行政许可以外的其他授益行为。

The flaws in administrative actions can be cerrected naturally with the changes of facts and laws, besides the acts＂ correction way. Natural correction meets the value of substantive justice, makes up the defects of formal justice, conforms to the idea and model of substantive rule of law. Natural correction can be applied to the administrative actions with slight pro- cedure flaws, including beneficial administrative actions and disadvantageous administrative actions. In order to protect the counterparts＇ rights, disadvantageous administrative actions with non--substantive entity element flaws should not be corrected naturally, hut beneficial administrative actions with non-substantive entity element flaws can be corrected naturally. The article 10 in the Judicial Interpretation on the Administrative Permit reflects the general law of natural correction on beneficial administrative actions with flaws, and this article can be applied to other beneficial administrative actions.