“以审判为中心”：域外经验与本土建构

“Trial Centrism”: Overseas Experience and Indigenous Construction

推进"以审判为中心"的诉讼制度改革,是党的十八届四中全会确定的司法改革方向。但"以审判为中心"并非发源于本土语境的理论话语。德国、日本、韩国等现代法治国家,均经历了确立审判中心的改革历程,特别是"审判中心主义"这一术语就源于日本;而以美国为典型的英美法系国家,其"审前""审判""审后"的程序设置本身便具有审判中心之传统。有必要在梳理域外经验进行理论溯源的基础上,进而结合中国语境,建构"以审判为中心"的本土概念。"以审判为中心"的前提是优化司法职权配置、规范司法权力运行,核心在于"以庭审为中心",强调重视第一审程序在认定事实和适用法律方面的重要作用,注意发挥审后程序对一审的救济和监督作用。

Promoting the ＂trial-centered＂reform of the procedural system was the orientation of judicial reform decided by the fourth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee. However,the ＂trial-centered＂concept did not originate from the theoretical discourse in the indigenous context.Modern countries administrated by law,such as Germany,Japan,and South Korea,have all experienced the reform process to establish ＂trial-centered＂procedural system. Particularly the term of＂trial centrism＂originated from Japan. The procedure settings of ＂pre-trial＂,＂trial＂,and ＂post-trial＂in Anglo-American common law system countries,exemplified by the United States,have shown the＂trial-centered＂tradition. It is necessary to establish the indigenous ＂trial-centered＂concept in the Chinese context on the basis of sorting out overseas experience to trace its theoretical origin. The premise of ＂trial-centered＂ reform is to optimize the distribution of judicial function and authority,and standardize the operation of judicial power,and its core concept is＂court-centered＂. It emphasizes the important role of the first trial procedure in fact finding and law application,and pays attention to the relieving and supervisory function of post-trial procedure.