瓦埠湖底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系

Macrobenthos Community Structure and Its Relationships with Environmental Factors in Wabu Lake

[目的]明确瓦埠湖底栖动物生态学。[方法]于2012年对瓦埠湖底栖动物群落结构及时空分布进行调查,并对获得的底栖动物数据和环境因子数据进行典范对应分析。[结果]共发现底栖动物37种,其中水生昆虫类、寡毛类、软体动物和其他类群分别为15种(占总物种数的40.54%)、12种(32.43%)、6种(16.22%)和4种(10.81%);优势种(Y≥0.02)为寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys obigobranchia)、摇蚊(Compteromesa sp.)和苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)。底栖动物年平均密度为428.2个/m^2,年平均生物量为39.6 g/m^2,不同季节底栖动物的平均生物量和平均密度存在显著差异。Shannon-Wiener指数均值为(0.765±0.499)^(1.181±0.590);Margalef指数均值为(0.518±0.192)^(0.740±0.448);Pielou指数(0.501±0.339)^(0.763±0.197),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef物种丰富度指数在季节上呈现为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季的变化趋势;Pielou均匀度指数表现为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季。水温、透明度、硝氮、溶解氧是影响瓦埠湖大型底栖动物的主要环境因子。[结论]研究结果为瓦埠湖水质保护与治理提供了理论依据。

[Objective] To research the macrobenthos ecology in Wabu Lake. [Method] We researched the community structure and spatialtemporal distribution of macrobenthos in Wabu Lake in 2012. [Result] A total of 37 benthonic animal were identified,including 15 species（ 40. 54% of the total） of aquatic insects,12 species（ 32. 43%） of oligochaetas,6 species（ 16. 22%） of mollusks,and 4 species（ 10. 81%）of others. Among them,Nephtys obigobranchia,Compteromesa sp. and Branchiura sowerbyi were the dominant species（ Y≥0. 02）. The annual average density of macrobenthos was 428. 2 / m2; and the annual average biomass was 39. 6 g/m2. There were significant differences between average biomass and average density of benthic community. Average value of Shannon-Wiener index was from（ 0. 765 ± 0. 499） to（ 1. 181 ±0. 590）; average value of Margalef species richness index was from（ 0. 518 ± 0. 192） to（ 0. 740 ± 0. 448）; and Pielou index was from（ 0. 501 ± 0. 339） to（ 0. 763 ± 0. 197）. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef species richness index showed a change trend of winter summer autumn spring. Canonical correspondence analysis of the obtained macrobenthos data and environmental factor data showed that water temperature,transparency,NO_3^-and DO were the major environmental factors affecting the distribution of macrobenthos. [Conclusion]This research provides theoretical foundation for the water quality protection and control of Wabu Lake.