接触^(90)Sr放射工作人员辐射损伤敏感指标分析

Sensitive indicators of radiation-induced injury among workers exposed to ^(90)Sr radiation

目的检测分析接触90Sr放射工作人员的辐射损伤敏感指标,评估烟厂卷接工放射工作人员健康水平。方法对比分析接触90Sr放射组(n=95)和对照组(无射线接触史人员,n=48)之间和不同工龄组之间的放射损伤指标,包括手掌皮肤色素脱失检出率、眼晶状体混浊率、染色体畸变率以及微核率。结果烟厂卷接工放射工作人员手掌皮肤色素脱失检出率随着工龄的增加而增加,各工龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.527,P=0.009);不同工龄组间眼晶状体混浊率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.525,P=0.283)。放射工作人员无着丝粒断片畸变率(0.63‰)、染色体畸变阳性率(42.11%)、染色体总畸变率(4.84‰)以及微核率(0.72‰)高于对照组(P<0.05)。除染色体单体型畸变率(χ2=4.163,P=0.125)外,不同工龄间各项细胞遗传学指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。16~年放射工龄组的双着丝粒畸变率、无着丝粒断片畸变率、染色体畸变阳性率、染色体总畸变率以及微核率高于对照组(P<0.01)。除双着丝粒畸变率外,11~年放射工龄组各项细胞遗传学指标均高于对照组(P<0.05)。不同工龄组间染色体畸变总率与微核率呈线性关系(F=297 621.950,P=0.001)。结论该烟厂卷接工放射工作人员手掌皮肤色素脱失检出率、无着丝粒断片畸变率、染色体畸变阳性率、染色体总畸变率以及微核率明显增高,提示应加强烟厂卷接工放射工作人员辐射防护工作。

Objective To detect and analyze the sensitive indicators of radiation-induced injury among workers exposed to^90 Sr in a tobacco factory,and to assess their health conditions.Methods The indicators of radiation-induced injury,including the detection rate of palm skin depigmentation,eye lens opacity rate,chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate,were compared between the90Sr-radiation exposed group（n = 95） and the control group（unexposed healthy adults,n = 48） as well as among workers with different working years.Results The detection rates of palm skin depigmentation in the radiologic workers were increased along with the length of service,and there were statistically significant differences among groups with different working years（χ2= 9.527,P = 0.009）.However,no statistically significant difference was found in the eye lens opacity rate among different working-year groups（χ^2= 2.525,P = 0.283）.The aberration rate of acentric fragment（0.63‰）,the positive rate of chromosome aberration（42.11%）,the total aberration rate of chromosome（4.84‰） and micronucleus rate（0.72‰） of the radiologic workers were significantly higher than those of the controls（P〈 0.05）.The abnormal rates of cell genetic indicators,except chromatid break rate（χ^2= 4.163,P = 0.125）,were significantly different among groups with various working years（P〈 0.05）.The dicentric chromosome aberration rate,the acentric fragment aberration rate,the positive rate of chromosome aberration,the total aberration rate of chromosome and micronucleus rate were all higher in the group with 16-year service than in the control group（P〈 0.01）.The abnormal rates of cell genetic indicators,except the dicentric chromosome aberration rate,of the group with 11-year service were all higher than those of the controls（P〈 0.05）.A linear correlation was found between the total aberration rate of chromosome and micronucleus rate among different working-year groups（F = 297,621.950,P = 0.001）.Conclusions The detection rate of palm skin depigmentation,the aberration rate of acentric fragment,the positive rate of chromosome aberration,the total aberration rate of chromosome and micronucleus rate of the90Sr-radiation exposed workers in the tobacco factory are significantly increased,indicating that targeted prevention and protection countermeasures should be enhanced.