英国海上保险保证制度改革评析

Commentaries on the reform of the law of warranty in marine insurance of UK

在现行《1906年英国海上保险法》下,保险人将在被保险人违反保证之时起自动解除所有保险赔偿责任。而且,即使被违反的保证不会增加已实际产生的损失的发生风险,保险人也能解除责任。《2015年英国保险法》对现行法进行了重大修改:当被保险人违反保证时,保险人的责任将处于中止状况,直到被保险人对其违反行为做出更正。更进一步,如保证或其他条款与某一特定类型的损失相关,则保险人不得以此类保证或条款未被遵守为由对实际发生的不同类型的损失逃脱赔偿责任。总体而言,新法进行的变革平衡了被保险人和保险人的利益,有利于支持和促进伦敦海上保险市场发展。

Under UK＇s current Marine Insurance Act 1906,the breach of warranty by the assured leads to the automatic discharge of the insurer＇s liability from the date of the breach. In addition,even the breach could not increase the risk of the actual loss when it happens,the insurer is nevertheless discharged from the liability to pay. The Insurance Act 2015 makes significant changes to the current law： the insurer＇s liability would suspend when the breach occurs,until the breach is remedied. Moreover,if the warranty or other term is related to a particular type of loss,then the insurer could not escape from the liability to pay the totally different type of loss that is not relevant to the warranty or other term. In general,the reform made by the new law balances the interests of assured and insurer,and is helpful to support and promote the development of London marine insurance market.