许昌市县级疾病预防控制中心应急能力及突发公共卫生事件风险评估现状调查

Investigation on the response capability for emergency and risk assessment of the county-level centers for disease control and prevention in Xuchang

目的了解许昌市县级疾病预防控制中心(简称"疾控中心")应急体系建设和突发公共卫生事件风险评估工作开展现状,评估应急队员对风险评估相关知识的知晓情况,为加强许昌市卫生应急体系建设、进一步开展风险评估工作提供依据。方法自行设计许昌市疾控机构突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力调查表对许昌市6个县疾控中心进行应急能力调查,制定风险评估知识问卷进行知晓率的调查。结果共调查6个县疾控中心221名应急队员,各县大专及以上学历者178人,占总应急队员人数的80.54%;传染病现场调查处理者45人,实验室检测者39人,占总人数的38.01%;6个县级疾控中心均建立了突发公共卫生事件风险评估工作制度,并按时开展季度风险评估工作;各个县级疾控中心对重点传染病应急能力自我评分差别较大,SARS、人感染高致病性禽流感、食源性疾病、群体性不明原因疾病在6分以上,对化学泄露和生物恐怖事件的自我评分最低;各县级疾控中心应急队员风险评估相关知识总知晓率为57.58%,其中不同科室、不同工龄和职称不同的队员其风险评估知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论许昌市县级疾控中心应急能力体系建设基本建立,但仍存在应急人员结构不合理、素质偏低、实验室检测能力不足、对突发公共卫生事件风险评估相关知识知晓率偏低等问题,应针对所存在问题加强相关方面的建设和管理。

Objective To probe the status of emergency system and response capability of the county-level CDCs in Xuchang city and awareness rate on risk assessmen. Methods The study was carried out by questionnaires in countylevel CDCs in Xuchang and the technologists who were engaged in emergency in them. Results A total of 6 county- level CDCs and 221 technologists who were engaged in emergency were investigated. It demonstrated that the percent- age of technologists with junior college or undergraduate course qualification in all the county-level CDCs was 80.54 %. The percentage of technologists who were engaged in epidemiology survey in authorized strength and laboratory exami- nation of county-level CDCs was 38.01%. The average score of the county-level CDCs in SARS, avian-human influenza, food-borne disease were above 6, while the bio-terrorism events was the lowest（3.67）. The technologists who were engaged in emergency in county-level CDCs had statistically significant different awareness rates with knowledge related with risk assessment among department, length of service, or professional title （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The framework of emergency system has been basically established in county-level CDCs of Xuchang. Low awareness rate of knowledge related with emergency, insufficient detection capability in laboratories and lack of coordination management for emergency reservation still exit now.