雌激素非基因组效应及其对雌性生殖功能影响的研究进展

Progress of non-genomic action of estrogen and its impact on female reproduction

雌激素属于类固醇激素,其对靶细胞的作用除了由胞内受体介导的基因组效应外,还可通过作用于细胞膜上的受体,快速激活膜上和胞内相关信号分子,通过多种跨膜信号转导的方式,产生非基因组效应。与雌激素非基因组效应相关的信号途径主要有PLC-Ca^(2+),ERK/MAPK,cAMP-PKA,PI3K-AKT-NOS等,进而引起后续生物学效应。雌激素通过非基因组机制对全身各器官系统,如生殖系统、神经系统、心血管系统和骨组织等的生理及病理过程都具有广泛而重要的调节作用。本文主要对雌激素非基因组效应的作用特点,主要信号途径和生理意义,以及其对雌性生殖系统功能的影响进行综述。

Estrogen is one of the steroid hormones. Besides the genomic action mediated by its intracellular receptor on target cells, there is now increasing body of evidence indicating that estrogen also has non-genomic action. For the non-genomic action, estrogen binds to its receptor on cell membrane, subsequently rapidly activates various intracellular signaling pathways, such as PLC/Ca2＋, ERK/MAPK, cAMP-PKA, PI3K-AKT-NOS, and finally induces biological effects. The non-genomic effects of estrogen on physiologic and pathologic processes have been found in many tissues within the reproductive, nervous and cardiovascular systems and bone etc. In reproductive system, it has been demonstrated that estrogen plays important roles in follicle development, fertilization and embryo implantation, and it is involved in the genesis and development of genital tract tumors and breast cancer. In this review, we focus on the general characteristics of non-genomic action of estrogen, its main nonnuclear signaling pathways and physiological and pathological significance, especially its influences in female reproductive functions.