美国突发环境事件应急管理立法及其启示

American Emergency Management Legislation on Emergency Environmental Accidents and Its Enlightenment

美国环境应急管理立法导源于灾害管理立法。博帕尔毒气泄漏事件和埃克森瓦尔迪兹号石油泄漏事件后,美国成为"阿佩尔计划"成员国,推动并强化环境应急管理专项立法,建立起紧急状态法与专项法相结合、联邦法与州地方法相结合的法律体系,表现出立法模式的独特性、立法理念的先进性、立法体系的层次性。面对我国环境应急管理立法缺陷,美国立法经验启示我国环境应急管理立法应当尊重立法渐进式发展规律,注重立法专门化、体系化,转变立法理念,完善相关制度。

The US legislation of the emergency management for emergency environmental accid-ents originated from disaster management legislation. After Bhopal gas leaked and Exxon Valdez oil spilled, the US became the State member of ＂Apel plan＂, which promoted and strengthened environmental emergency specific legislation, and has established the legal system, in which emergency law and special law combined, federal law and state law combined, reflecting the uniqueness of the legislative model, the advanced concept of the legislation and the hierarchy of legislation system. Faced with the defect of China＇s environmental emergency management legisla-tion, our environmental emergency management legislation should respect the law of legislation development, pay attention to legislative specialization and systemization, and change the concept of legislation, perfect the legal system according to American legislation experience.