人口回流与新型发展要素嵌入--对传统欠发达中部乡村地区新发展现象的思索

Return Migration and Embedding of New Development Factors: Thoughts about New Development Phenomenon of Traditional Underdeveloped Central Rural Areas

安徽省是我国的人口和农业大省,农村剩余劳动力跨省流出比重较高。近年来随着沿海地区产业转型对流动人口吸纳能力的减弱,以及中西部快速发展和国家对乡村发展的重视与扶持,乡村地区人口流失的情况有所缓和,部分地区甚至出现了较为明显的回流现象,给地方发展带来了新的影响。安徽巢湖市中李村位于滨湖地区,过去曾因交通不便、经济水平低下等原因呈现较为明显的衰退现象,近年随着安徽省美好乡村建设而获得新的发展动力。多元产业的导入带来了村庄的经济发展和村民收入提高,村庄基础设施和公共服务水平也在政策扶持和政府资金投入下明显提升,村庄面貌也为之改善。新型发展要素和人口回流,对地方发展具有非常重要的意义,同时也带来了诸如生态环境改善,生产和生活方式的准城镇化,以及风貌景观变化等方面的冲击,新型发展要素影响下的乡村变迁将对新型城镇化的策略产生重要影响。

Anhui province, a large population and agricultural province of our country, belongs to the traditional central underdeveloped areas with a high proportion of rural surplus labor outlfow across the province. In recent years, as the decreasing absorption capacity of lfoating population because of the transformation of coastal area industry, the development of western regions and the rise of the Midwest due to the introduction of national policy, and the government＇s emphasis and support on rural issues, the situation of the loss of part of the rural population has been eased. Zhongli village of Anhui province is located in the lakeside area of Chaohu city. In the past, because of inconvenient transportation and low economic level, its economy was a little declined; in recent years, with the construction of ＂beautiful village＂ in Anhui province, Zhongli village, taking advantage of the lakeside ecological landscape, has won the new development elements. Importing multiple industries has boost the economic development of villages, increased the villagers＇ incomes, enhanced village infrastructure and public service level signiifcantly, and improved the village appearance. On the whole, the novel development elements and population return are signiifcant for local development. At the same time, they bring about obvious inlfuences, such as improvement of ecological environment, urbanization of production and lifestyle, as well as the change of landscape. The country transition under these elements will have great impacts on the strategies of new-type urbanization.