《黄帝四经》的“正名—用名”逻辑研究

A Logic Study of “Zheng Ming-Yong Ming”in Four Classics of Huangdi

逻辑学是研究论证结构与规则之学。帛书《黄帝四经》逻辑为"正名—用名"论证类型,"正名"是确立名之所指,反映着道家的名实观;"用名"体现于"君人南面之术"里,为执政治世之保证。《皇帝四经》"正名—用名"逻辑是先秦道家逻辑的一部分,只是《老子》讨论重点在"道"名上、《管子》与《皇帝四经》一样讨论重点在"物"(社会政治)名上,《庄子》则兼而有之。"正名—用名"逻辑是一种离不开具体内容的论证类型,有着鲜明的社会政治的功利性。先秦道家逻辑是先秦逻辑的一部分,先秦逻辑都是此种类型,不是演绎、归纳的逻辑,也不同于佛教逻辑。正是因为"正名—用名"是一种论证结构而成为中国逻辑类型,又有别于中国哲学,但是它必以中国哲学为基础。由此来确立中国逻辑之身份。

Since logistics studies argument structure and rules,we point out that the logic of the Four Classics of Huangdi is“Zheng Ming-Yong Ming” argument structure. “Zheng Ming” defines things involved,which reflects the Ming Shism;” Yong Ming” appears in the emperor ＋ s strategies for ruling the nation,and is the guarantee of governing and social administra-tion. The “Zheng Ming-Y^ong Ming” logic in Four Classics of Huangdi is part of tlie Taoists logic in pre-^）in period,and Lao Tse main-ly discusses “Tao” Ming,Guan Zi and Four Classics of Huangdi mainly discuss “ Wu” Ming （i. e., social politics） , while Chuang Tse concerns both. The “Zheng Ming-Yong Ming” logic is a kind of argument structure relating to concrete cases,and clearly poses- ses the utilitarian spirit of social politics. The pre-Qin Taoists logic is part of pre-Qin logics. All Pre-Qin loegory ,and they are not deductive or inductive logics,also not Buddhist logic. As an argument structure,“Zheng Ming-Yong Ming” isa type of Chinese logics instead of Chinese philosophy,but it should be based on Chinese philosophy. Therefore,we coty of Chinese logics.