2012-2014年云南省楚雄市禽流感职业暴露人群血清学和环境监测结果分析

Surveillance on Avian Influenza and Serological Detection in Occupational Exposed Population Group in Chuxiong,2012-2014

目的了解云南楚雄职业暴露人群A(H5)禽流感病毒抗体水平和环境中禽流感病毒的分布情况,为禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法 2012-2014年,采集职业暴露人群血清标本开展马红细胞血凝抑制试验检测A(H5清洗禽类污水、案板表面拭子、禽类饮水、笼具表面拭子、禽类粪便等)抗体,采集外环境标本(清洗禽类污水、案板表面拭子、笼具表面拭子、禽类饮水、禽类粪便等),用荧光定量PCR方法检测禽流感病毒核酸通A总阳性和A(H5)、A(H9)亚型。结果职业暴露人群血清1 200份,均未检出A(H5)流感病毒抗体阳性标本。环境标本1643份,禽流感病毒核酸通A(FluA)总阳性率4.38%,其中A(H9)占通A阳性标本的81.94%。环境监测中,禽流感病毒检测阳性率秋冬季存在高峰。城乡活禽市场标本禽流感病毒核酸阳性率最高。清洗禽类污水和案板表面拭子禽流感病毒核酸阳性率最高。结论楚雄市禽流感感染的风险主要集中在城乡活禽市场,应加强对活禽市场的监管,流行高峰期继续加强职业暴露人群和外环境的禽流感监测,同时开展对高危人群的健康教育。

Objective To understand the A （H5） avian influenza virus antibody level in occupational exposed population group and its distribution in Chuxiong , Yunnan province in 2012 -2014, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control. Methods The serum samples were collected from the exposed population group, which were tested by horse erythrocyte HI for A （H5） antibody. The environmental samples in the surveillance sites （washing water, cover of chopping boards and cages, drinking water and feces） were tested by PCR of FluA, A （H5） and A （H9） subtypes. Results A total of 1 200 serum from the occupational exposed population group were negative. The positive rate of FluA was 4.38% , of which the most was A （H9） （ 81.94% ） in 1643 environmental samples. The positive rate was high in autumn and winter. In environmental samples, the highest positive rate of FluA was found in poultry markets, especially in the samples of washing water and cover of chopping boards. Conclusion The risk of the infection is mainly in the poultry markets, where the regulation should be reinforced. And the surveillance in occupational exposed population is essential in epidemic peak seasons. Additionally, the health education of key population should be carried out.