分权体制下中国地方政府支出对环境污染的影响——基于中国287个城市数据的实证分析

Impact of Chinese Local Government Fiscal Expenditure on Environment Pollution under the Fiscal Decentralization——Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data from 287 Cities

本文通过构建一个三部门一般均衡模型研究了地方财政支出规模对环境污染的影响机制,同时进一步分析了分权体制下中国地方财政支出结构对环境污染的影响。在此基础上,本文采用2007-2013年中国287个城市层面的面板数据,运用固定效应模型实证考察了地方财政支出规模与结构对环境污染的影响。结果显示,地方财政支出规模对中国环境污染的总体影响是不确定的,地方财政支出规模通过结构效应和替代效应降低了中国环境污染,而通过增长效应提高了环境污染;地方财政支出中提高经济建设支出占比增加了中国的环境污染,而提高社会服务性支出占比有利于降低环境污染。最后,本文提出三点政策启示:改革目前地方政府单一型的激励机制,将生态效益赋予重要的权重纳入考核体系;优化地方财政支出结构;加强环保部门的垂直管理制度。

This article constructs the three sector general equilibrium to explain the impact mechanism of the local fiscal expenditure scale on the environment pollution, and the impact of local fiscal expenditure structure on the environment is further analyzed. Then this article uses panel data from 287 cities in 2007-2013 and uses a fixed effect model to investigate the impact of local fiscal expenditure scale and structure on environment pollution. The results show that increasing the local fiscal spending scale has an uncertain impact on the environment, the local fiscal spending scale decreases environment pollution through composition effect and substitution effect and increases environment pollution through growth effect. Economic construction spending proportion has a positive correlation with environment pollution and a negative correlation with environment pollution.