金疮小草与广藿香的比较鉴别研究

Comparative Identification of Ajuga decumbens Thunb. from Pogostemon cablin(Blanco.)Benth.

【目的】为区分金疮小草(Ajuga decumbens Thunb.)与广藿香[Pogostemon cablin(Blanco.)Benth.]提供参考依据。【方法】采集金疮小草、广藿香2种植物的新鲜茎和叶作为样品,采用体视镜进行原植物外观形态鉴别,采用显微镜对2种植物茎横切面、叶柄横切面、叶表皮以及粉末进行显微鉴别。【结果】原植物外观形态鉴别:金疮小草叶柄有狭翅,广藿香无;金疮小草叶主脉与侧脉夹角小于45°,广藿香大于45°。显微鉴别:金疮小草腺鳞头部细胞数为多细胞,而广藿香为单细胞;广藿香茎和叶有间隙腺毛、晶体,金疮小草无。金疮小草有直轴式和不定式气孔,广藿香只有直轴式。【结论】金疮小草与广藿香外观形态特征及显微特征可作为区分鉴别2种植物的参考依据。

Objective To find out evidences for the identification of Ajuga decumbens Thunb.（Jinchuangxiaocao）and Pogostemon cablin（Blanco.） Benth.（Guanghuoxiang）. Methods Fresh stems and leaves of the two species were collected and used as the samples. We used stereoscopy to observe and compare the macroscopic appearance of the original plants,and used light microscope to observe the stem cross-section,petiole cross-section,leaf epiderm and powder of the two species for microscopic identification. Results The results of macroscopic character identification showed that the petiole of Jinchuangxiaocao had narrow wing, while that of Guanghuoxiang had no narrow wing; the angles between leaf main vein and lateral vein of Jinchuangxiaocao were less than 45°,while the angles of Guanghuoxiang were more than 45°. In respect of microscopic identification,Jinchuangxiaocao had the glandular scales with multicellular head,and Guanghuoxiang had the glandular scales with one-celled head; the intercellular space and crystals were found in the cortex of Guanghuoxiang stems and mesophyll, while Jinchuangxiaocao has no such structures. Jinchuangxiaocao had diacytic and anomocytic stomata,and Guanghuoxiang only had diacytic stomata. Conclusion The appearance and microscopic differences can be used for the identification of Jinchuangxiaocao from Guanghuoxiang.