围产期奶牛炎症反应及其与免疫和能量代谢的关系

Inflammation in Periparturient Dairy Cows and Its Relationship with Immunity and Energy Metabolism

炎症是由于机体受到病原微生物刺激或代谢功能改变而引发的一种免疫反应。病原微生物的刺激会引发急性炎症反应,在正常情况下,急性炎症通过激活免疫系统可有效清除病原微生物,并从炎症状态自我恢复到正常状态。与急性炎症不同的是,亚急性炎症的引发往往与机体组织代谢功能的改变有关,亚急性炎症一旦产生,很难自我恢复。对于围产期奶牛,特别是产后几周内,由于机体生理状况和物质代谢的剧烈变化以及免疫功能的改变,炎症反应,特别是亚急性炎症的发生往往比较普遍,大大提高了该阶段各种感染性和代谢性疾病的发病风险。了解围产期奶牛炎症反应的发生,以及免疫和物质代谢如何相互作用影响炎症反应,对于提早采取措施控制产后疾病的发生以及改善围产期奶牛健康具有重要的理论和现实意义。鉴此,本文综述了围产期奶牛炎症反应的发生及其与免疫和能量代谢的关系。

Inflammation is an immune response induced by microbial infection or metabolic disorders.Acute inflammation is initiated by microbial infection.Normally,acute inflammation can effectively eliminate microbial pathogen by activing immune system,and the body can self-recover to normal from inflammation.Unlike acute inflammation,subacute inflammation is associated with metabolic disorders in tissue and leads to an unresolved tissue inflammatory state.With the physiological stress and metabolic and immune changes,inflammation,especially subacute inflammation,is common in cows during the perinatal period,especially in the first few weeks at postpartum period.This may results in the increased incidence of both metabolic and infectious diseases at this time.Therefore,better understandings of inflammation occurrence and how immunity and nutrient metabolism interact to influence inflammation will facilitate the development of control strategies early e—nough to decrease postpartum incidence of diseases and improve transition cow health.This paper provided a brief overview of inflammation in periparturient cows and its relationship with immunity and energy metabolism.