贫困山区弃耕撂荒及其影响因素分析——以重庆市酉阳县两乡四村为例

An Analysis of Farmland Abandonment in Poor Mountainous Areas and Its Influencing Factors——A Case Study of Four Villages in Two Twonships of Youyang County,Chongqing

近年来,弃耕撂荒现象在我国西南贫困山区频繁发生,找出其成因并采取相应手段已成为遏制弃耕撂荒的关键所在.本文基于重庆市酉阳县两乡四村实地调查,采取参与式评估、多元线性回归模型等方法,分析农户弃耕撂荒现状及其影响因素,结果表明,重庆市酉阳县两乡四村弃耕撂荒现象严重,弃耕撂荒率高达90.71%.其成因与其他地区存在共性特征,如非农就业机会多、传统农业收入低、耕地自然条件差、农户文化水平不高等,也存在区域个性特征:如务农成本低下导致农户从事养殖,自然条件差导致耕地破碎不规整难以实现机械化产业化、生产条件差及基础设施不完善导致农户前往耕地劳作时间长耕作不便、农户文化水平不高导致没有风险预防意识以及对新技术不甚了解而难以获得应有利润等.在共性与特性因素的综合驱动下,土地利用方式发生转变,耕地不再具有经济生产能力,出现农地边际化现象.而在西南贫困山区一带,农地边际化的主要表征形式集中体现在弃耕撂荒上.

In recent years,the phenomenon of farmland abandonment has been occurring frequently in poor mountainous areas of southwest China.Identifying the causes and taking appropriate means to curb it has become an urgent task.Based field surveys of PRA（Partivipatory Rural Appraisal）in four villages in two twonships of Youyang County,Chongqing,this paper analyzes the present situation of farmland abandonment in rural areas and its influencing factors with the multivariate linear regression model.The results indicate that farmland abandonment is serious in the four villages,the abandonment rate being as high as90.71%.Its causes for farmland abandonment are similar to those found in other regions,such as the presence of many non-farm employment opportunities,low traditional agricultural incomes,poor natural conditions of the farmland,low level of farmers＇education.In addition,there are factors specific to the local conditions,e.g.household labor cost leads to farmers engaging in aquaculture,poor natural conditions result in land fragmentation and in difficulty in realizing mechanized and industrialized agricultural production,and farmers＇low cultural level causes their low risk-prevention awareness and ignorance of the new technologies so that they are unable to obtain due profits.As a result of all the factors mentioned above,land use patterns change and farmland no longer has economic production capacity,which leads to the emergence of the marginalization phenomenon.Farmland abandonment has become the representation of arable land marginalization in the poor mountainous areas of southwest China.