福柯的异托邦哲学及其问题

Foucault's Philosophy of Heterotopias and Its Problems

福柯的异托邦概念在哲学乃至非哲学领域运用广泛,但福柯真正提到"异托邦"这一概念的文本数量极少。基于对这些文本的分析,福柯"异托邦"概念显现出与"乌托邦"概念既相对立、相差异又潜在同内涵、同功能的特点。"异托邦"概念不仅道出了"乌托邦"的"希望"本质,还弥补了其乌有的缺陷,即异托邦是求异性、批判性的实存本身,具有不可化约的多样性。异托邦普遍存在但不是普适概念,它是概念性的非概念存在。福柯哲学的主旨可以通过"异托邦"概念体现出其强烈的批判功能,但对这一概念的滥用则暴露出哲学学说的固有问题。

Foucault's concept of Heterotopia widely used in the field of philosophy and non-philosophy,but Foucault only referred to it in small numbers of texts.Based on the analysis of these texts,Foucault's concept of Heterotopia shows its relation with the concept of Utopia.The two concepts are opposed and different,but they have potentially the same meaning and function.The concept of Heterotopia not only reveals the nature of promise of Utopia,but also makes up for its defect of nowhere.Heterotopia is a kind of existence different and critical,with irreducible diversity.Although Heterotopia is widespread,it is not a universal concept;it is a conceptual nonconcept existence.The gist of Foucault's philosophy can be reflected by the concept of Heterotopia for its strong critical functions,but the abuse of the concept reveals the problems inherent in the philosophical doctrine.