不同工种放射工作人员辐射损伤敏感指标应用分析

Analysis on radiation damage sensitivity index in different types radiation staff

目的探讨接触不同射线工种放射工作人员辐射损伤敏感指标,保障不同工种放射工作人员的健康和安全。方法对比分析不同工种放射工作人员和对照组的放射损伤指标,包括Ⅰ度慢性放射性皮肤损伤检出率、眼晶状体混浊率、双着丝粒畸变率、无着丝粒断片畸变率、染色体型畸变率、染色单体型畸变率、染色体总畸变率、微核率以及微核异常率,并探讨其与各比较组的累积剂量的关系。结果不同工种间Ⅰ度慢性放射性皮肤损伤检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.456,P<0.01)。各工种放射组的Ⅰ度慢性放射性皮肤损伤检出率和微核率分别与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=7.467,4.153,12.809,6.882,P<0.01)。不同工种间晶状体混浊率差异无统计学意义(χ2=7.786,P>0.05),但工业同位素应用组晶状体混浊率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.111,P<0.01)。不同工种间的微核率、ace畸变率、染色体型畸变率和染色体畸变总率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=19.871,12.345,14.706,19.510,P<0.01)。烟厂卷接工放射组与对照组的无着丝粒断片(acentric fragment,ace)畸变率、染色体型畸变率和染色体畸变总率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.988,7.820,8.547,P<0.05)。不同工种放射人员微核率与累积剂量呈线性相关(F=38.445,P<0.01)。结论小剂量辐射损伤在不同工种中存在不同程度的差异,可针对不同工种的放射工作人员制定不同的辐射损伤敏感指标的检测周期,减少电离辐射累积效应的发生。

Objective Screen the sensitive indicators of radiation injury in different types radiation professionals,in order to shed light on the protection of workers in radioactive setting.Methods Perform comparative analysis on the indicators among medical X-ray workers,industrial inspection personnel and cigarette factory volume and a control group.The indicators includeⅠdegrees of chronic radiation skin damage rate,rate of eye lens opacity,dicentric rate,acentric fragment aberration rate,chromosome pattern aberration rate,chromatid break aberration rate,total rate of chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate and micronucleus rate of abnormal.and the comparison group of the relationship between the cumulative dose.Results TheⅠdegrees of chronic radiation skin injury detection rate had statistical difference among different types work（χ^2= 14.456,P〈0.01）.Ⅰdegrees of chronic radiation skin damage detection and micronucleus rates had statistical difference between each radiation group and control group（χ^2= 7.467,4.153,12.809,6.882,P〈0.01）.The lens opacity rate was no statistically significant difference among different type of work（χ^2= 7.786,P〈0.05）,but the industrial gamma-ray radiation group were higher than the control group（χ^2= 7.111,P〈0.01） and had statistical difference.The micronucleus rates,acentric fragment aberration rate,chromosome pattern aberration rate and total rate of chromosome aberration had statistical difference among different types work（χ^2= 19.871,12.345,14.706,19.510,P〈0.01）.The acentric fragment aberration rate,chromosome pattern aberration rate and total rate of chromosome aberration had statistical difference between cigarette factory volume staff and control groups（χ^2= 4.988,7.820,8.547,P〈0.05）.The micronucleus rates and cumulative dose was linearly correlated（F = 38.445,P〈0.01）.Conclusion Small doses of radiation damage were exsited in different kinds of radiation workers.It is advised that the labor departments protect the different kinds of radiation by performing surveillance on the radiation damage sensitivity indicators.the cumulative effects of ionizing radiation Should be reduced.