四川省尔苏人与木雅人5项舌运动类型的人类学分析

Anthropologic analysis on five tongue moving types of Ersu and Muya in Sichuan

在四川省雅安市对尔苏人和木雅人进行了5项舌运动类型的调查,包括卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌和三叶舌.应用整群随机抽样的方法,对尔苏人采样120例(男性69例,女性51例),对木雅人采样157例(男性77例,女性80例).调查结果表明,尔苏人的卷舌率为42.50%,叠舌率为0.83%,翻舌率为3.33%,尖舌率为59.17%,三叶舌率为1.67%;木雅人的卷舌率为46.50%,叠舌率为1.27%,翻舌率为3.82%,尖舌率为66.24%,三叶舌率为4.46%.与国内外其他族群相比,尔苏人和木雅人的尖舌率处于中等或较高水平,其余4项的出现率处于极低或较低水平.尔苏人仅在叠舌和尖舌之间存在相关性,木雅人仅在卷舌和三叶舌之间存在相关性.与南方10个族群基于舌运动类型的聚类分析结果表明,尔苏人和木雅人的亲缘关系最近,二者与四川彝族和羌族的亲缘关系较近.

In Yaan city of Sichuan Province, a sample of 120 Ersu adults （69 males, 51 females） and 157 Muya adults （77 males, 80 females） was investigated in terms of five tongue moving types, including tongue rolling, tongue folding, tongue twisting, clover-leaf tongue and pointed tongue. The results showed that the frequencies of rolling, folding, twisting, pointed tongue and clover-leaf tongue were 42.50%, 0.83%, 3.33%, 59.17% and 1.67% seperatively in Ersu. The frequencies of rolling, folding, twisting, pointed tongue and clover-leaf tongue were 46.50%, 1.27%, 3.82%, 66.24% and 4.46% seperatively in Muya. Compared with other ethnic groups, the frequencies of pointed tongue of Ersu and Muya were in middle or relatively high levels, and the frequencies of the other four types were in extremely lower or rather lower levels. The folding tongue was correlative with pointed tongue in Ersu and the roiling tongue was correlative with clover-leaf tongue in Muya. The cluster analysis based on the tongue moving types showed that Ersu had the closest relationship with Muya, and the two groups had closer relationship with Yi and Qiang in Sichuan Province.