基于文献计量分析的生态系统服务研究现状及热点

A review of ecosystem services: a bibliometric analysis based on web of science

生态系统服务是生态学研究的核心和热点议题。近年来,各国和各相关机构对生态系统服务的研究力度不断加大。基于SCI-E和CNKI数据库,利用文献计量方法,分析了国内外生态系统服务研究的发展特征和变化趋势。研究结果表明:(1)国内外生态系统服务研究的发文量不断增加,发展态势良好。(2)发达国家是生态系统服务领域的主要研究力量,美国占据绝对领先地位;美国的加利福尼亚大学是主要研究机构;总体来看,国家和机构间的合作正在不断增强。(3)当前该领域的8类研究热点分别是生态系统服务机理研究,保护管理及可持续性、生物多样性、脆弱性、土地利用及景观变化、评估与模型、气候变化、政策与决策分析。从各个时期国内外研究热点整体分布情况来看,国际更侧重于生态系统服务及生态系统服务与人类福祉的依存关系的研究,国内则更加关注生态系统服务评估。(4)近年来中国在生态系统服务研究领域的国际地位有所提升,科研产出量显著增加,累积发文量居世界第5位,中国科学院是全球主要研究机构之一,但论文被引频次相对偏低,国际合作亟待加强和提升。

Ecosystem service is the core and the highlight of ecology, and recently, the study on ecosystem services has been intensified. The status quo of ecosystem service research was assessed by critically reviewing current publication, which was collected from both China Academic Journals Full-text Database and Science Citation Index Expanded Database. The search key words used were ecosystem services or ecosystem service, and literature both in Chinese and English were included in the analyses. The information collected was analyzed using bibliometrics：number of related papers per year, major research themes of the top 10 countries and institutions, international cooperation, major journals on ecosystem service in both English and Chinese, the most cited authors in international and domestic papers, and major research themes and highlights of ecosystem service subject of the research from 1991 to 2014. Our findings showed that：（1） the scientific outcomes of ecosystem services are increasing with a good developmental trend. （2） USA is the leading country in this field, and University of California System is the dominant institution. Overall, cooperation between countries and institutions is increasing. （3） Eight research highlights of ecosystem service research were identified by keyword analysis and they included：the mechanism of ecosystems services （ecosystem structure, processes, functions, and services）, conservation and sustainability, biodiversity, vulnerability, land use and landscape change, valuation and modeling, climate （or environment） change, and decision-making process. The analysis of the overall distribution of domestic and foreign focus in research in each period showed that the international research focuses primarily on the mechanisms of ecosystem services and human well-being. In contrast, chinese researchers are more concerned about the assessment of ecosystem services. （4） In recent years, China＇s international status has improved significantly in the field of ecosystem services. According to the number of published scientific papers, China ranks 5th in the world, and Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the world＇s major research institutions. However, the number of citations of its publications is low. In conclusion, the quality of chinese research papers should be improved, and international cooperation needs to be strengthened in the future.