产权理论视角下职业教育现代学徒制建设之关键:明晰“培养产权”

Modern Apprentice System in Vocational Education:A Perspective of Property Rights

我国职业教育现代学徒制建设中的主要困境是企业参与积极性不高,其深层根源是企业在学徒培养过程中的培养产权尚未得到明晰。明晰企业在学徒培养中的培养产权是现代学徒制建设的关键,这能促使企业在学徒培养中的外部性得到内部化,有助于形成该制度的内在利益机制。明晰培养产权主要包括:授予企业招收学徒的权利,确定学徒的"准员工"身份,明确企业管理与培养学徒的权责,赋予企业留用学徒的权利等。其中,赋予企业留用学徒的权利是培养产权中最关键的制度设计,是其内在利益机制形成的核心。

During the construction of Modern Apprentice System in China, property right of training is a problem that has been neglected for a long time. At present, the main dilemma in the modern apprentice system of vocational education in China is that enterprises show little interest in taking part in the construction of the program, since, basically, they have not been clearly informed property rights in the process of apprenticeship training. Therefore, clarification of the enterprises＇ property rights of training is the key to the construction of modern apprentice system, which can help enterprises internalize the externalities,and form the internal interest mechanism of the system. The clarification mainly includes the following aspects： giving enterprises the rights of recruiting apprentices upon their graduation, determining the identity of the apprenticeship as prospective employees, clearly defining enterprises＇ rights and responsibilities in the apprentices＇ management and training, giving enterprises the rights of employing apprentices.