农业要素配置效率及其地区收敛性研究——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

On allocation efficiency and its regional convergence of agricultural resources: Based on empirical analysis of provincial panel data

基于1990—2013年省级面板数据,构建随机前沿生产函数分解和测算农业要素配置效率,并对配置效率增长进行收敛性分析。结果表明:农业要素配置效率增长呈上升趋势,增长主要源于以物质资本投入代替劳动力资源;农业要素配置效率增长具有一定区域差异,中部地区农业要素配置效率增长高于东、西部地区;各省份农业要素配置效率先趋同于自身稳定增速增长,最终所有省份效率增长趋于收敛。鉴于此,建议引导土地适度规模经营,加大物质资本的投入力度,继续促进农村剩余劳动力转移,加快农业人力资本积累,以期进一步优化农业要素配置效率。

Based on Chinese provincial panel data from 1990 to 2013, the present study attempts to build stochastic frontier production functions to decompose and measure the allocation efficiency of agricultural resources, and to analysize its convergence. And three results are obvious. Firstly, allocation efficiency of agricultural resources presents an uprising tendency, which is caused by substitution of material capital for human power. Secondly, regional differences in allocation efficiency of agricultural resources exist, the growth of which is higher in central districts than that in western and eastern districts. Last but not the least, allocation efficiency of the agricultural resources in each province increases steadily towards an average level for a period of time, and eventually, the efficiency growth of all provinces as a whole tends to be convergent. Accordingly, conclusions are made that in order to further optimize the allocation efficiency of agricultural resources and to propel agricultural modernization, farmers＇ behaviors in moderate scale management of land should be guided, the investment of physical capital needs to be increased, the transfer of rural surplus labor force remains to be promoted, and accumulation of human resource ought to be accelerated.