我国电网雷电监测与防护技术现状及发展趋势

Present Status and Development Trend of Lightning Detection and Protection Technology of Power Grid in China

雷电是造成电网故障的首要原因。我国电网防雷工作者经过多年努力,基于"发现问题–分析问题–解决问题"的技术路线已形成一套较为成熟的电网防雷技术体系,该体系主要包含雷电监测、防雷评估和雷电防护措施3个方面研究成果,应用效果显著。近5年来330 kV及以上交、直流线路里程增长超过30%,但雷击跳闸率总体呈下降趋势,雷击跳闸率与故障停运率均处于世界最优水平。随着电网规模的迅速增加和可靠性要求的不断提高,结合重要输电通道、直流线路和配电线路防雷中存在的技术需求,总结迫切需要开展以下3个方面的工作:1)雷电监测方面,亟需研究中小尺度高精度雷电监测技术,输电线路分布式雷击监测的定位精度和经济性需进一步提升;2)防雷评估技术方面,需开展精细化雷电参数挖掘分析,重点关注精细化雷电参数、3维复杂地形下防雷分析模型和评估技术的研究;3)雷电防护措施方面,亟需开展防护措施有效性评价体系的研究,开展并联间隙结构优化设计和新型闪络限制器的研发。

Lightning is the primary cause for power grid failure. After years of efforts by China＇s power grid lightning protection engineers, a relatively mature system of lightning protection is established on the basis of technical route of ＂finding problem, analyzing problem, solving problem＂, which mainly consists of lightning detection, performance assessment, and protection measure, and remarkable effects have been achieved in practical application. Length of 330 kV and above AC and DC transmission lines has increased by more than 30% in recent 5 years, but the lightning trip-out rate（LTOR） is declining overall, LTOR and lightning fault outage rate（LFOR） of China＇s power grid both reach the best level all over the world. With the rapid increase of power grid size and reliability requirements, meanwhile combined with lightning protection needs by important transmission channels, DC transmission lines and distribution lines, it is urgent to carry out such works in the following three aspects： 1） as for lightning detection, small and medium-sized high-precision lightning detection is urgent, positioning accuracy and technical economical effect of distributed lightning fault online monitoring system（DLFOMS） need to be further promoted; 2） as for lightning protection performance assessment, it is necessary to study more detailed lightning parameter mining, which focuses on fine lightning parameter and lightning analysis model, assessment method under 3-D terrain condition; 3） as for lightning protection measures, evaluation system for measure effect, structure optimization design of parallel gap, and development of new type lightning arrester need to be carried out.