慕课开发的问题、成因及改进路径——基于开设慕课的高校教师调查

The Problems, Causes and Improving Paths of MOOC Development——Based on the Investigation into Teachers of Colleges Offering MOOCs

慕课正逐步纳入高校发展战略之中,理性认识慕课开发现状是承接慕课实践历程与未来发展的重要环节。教师是慕课设计、开发、实施与评价的首要实践者。教师在实践慕课课程中的体验是反映慕课发展现状的重要证据。以开设慕课的高校教师为对象进行的调查发现:当前慕课开发存在课程设计结构化、课程教学方式单一,学习评价单维度、缺乏差异性、过度注重结果等问题。而造成这些问题的原因与传统网络课程文化的束缚、课堂教学方式惯性的制约、"关系"断裂的影响、外部支持框架的不足等有关。改进慕课实践中的问题需要教师能够从"课程"视角出发,确立慕课文化的新观念,构筑组织课程的新方式,践行慕课"关系"的意义。政府管理部门、高校、平台运营商、教学团队等外部支持也是促进慕课可持续发展必不可少的条件。

MOOC is gradually being incorporated into the development strategy of universities. It is animportant link between the practical experiences and the future development of MOOC to rationally realize thepresent situation of MOOC development. The teacher is the primary practitioner of the design, development,implementation and evaluation of MOOCs. Teachers＇ experience is important to reflect the development status ofMOOCs in practice. Based on the investigation into the teachers of colleges offering MOOCs,the research finds outthe following problems of MOOCs： structured curriculum design, the single teaching method and the singledimension of learning assessment, a lack of diversity, excessive focus on results of learning evaluation. The causes ofthese problems are related to the bondage of the traditional network curriculum culture, the restriction of the inertia of the classroom teaching method, the influence of the relationship fracture, the lack of the external support and soon. To improve the problems in practice, teachers need to establish the new concept of MOOC, construct new waysof organizing curriculum, and practice the relationship of MOOC based on the curriculum perspective. In addition,the external supports are also essential to promote the sustainable development of MOOC, such as governmentdepartments, universities, platform operators, teaching teams, and etc.