南极海洋保护区建立的法律问题分析

Analysis on the Legal Issues of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas

南极海洋保护区的建立不仅应具有相应的法律基础,还应该满足相应的条件。最近的几个提案由于相关国家的反对至今没有获得通过。UNCLOS和《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》为CCAMLR建立南极海洋保护区提供了法律基础。南极海洋保护区的建立应满足捕捞种群数量减少到一定程度、有最佳科学证据证明、考虑国家的"合理利用"以及制订完善的执行措施等条件。我国应在积极参与完善南极海洋保护区的同时维护我国的正当权益。

The establishment of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas should not only have appropriate legal basis, but also satisfy appropriate conditions. Recent proposals have not been adopted yet because of objections of relevant nations. UNCLOS and Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources provide legal basis for CCAMLR to establish Antarctic MPAs. And several conditions shall be met, which are, size of any harvested population is decreased to a certain level, the best scientific evidence is available, reasonable usage of nations is considered and corresponding management measures are adopted. As far as China is concerned, we should participate in the improvement of Antarctic MPAS actively so as to defend our legal rights at the same time.