中药注射剂不良反应与不合理用药问题分析

Adverse drug reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections and irrational drug use

通过文献检索,对中药注射剂不良反应的相关报道进行分析、评价和总结,以了解中药注射剂不良反应的现状,分析中药注射剂不良反应发生的原因与不合理用药问题,为临床安全合理使用中药注射剂提供参考。结果发现中药注射剂不良反应发生率高,累及系统/器官分布广泛,主要有皮肤及其附件损害、全身性损害、胃肠系统损害等;引起不良反应的原因包括中药注射剂的药品质量和自身成分复杂等因素,但临床不合理用药也是中药注射剂产生不良反应的重要原因。因此临床应用中药注射剂时,应关注其使用的安全性问题,特别要重视其合理使用,包括用药指征、用法用量、溶媒选择、滴注速度、联合用药等,并加强用药监护,以避免或减少中药注射剂不良反应的发生,保障患者用药安全。

Related literature reports for ADR of TCM injections were analyzed, evaluated and summarized to understand the adverse drug reactions（ADR） of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） injections, analyze the reasons for ADRs and irrational drug use, and provide reference for the rational use of TCM injections. The result showed that ADRs of TCM injections occurred frequently, wide distributed system/organs were involved, and mainly included skin and its appendage damage, systemic damage, gastrointestinal system injures. The quality of TCM injections and the complex compositions were the reasons of ADRs; however, clinical irrational drug use was also an important reason. When TCM injections are used in clinical practice, the safety issues should be concerned, with particular attention to the rational use of TCM injections, including indications, dosage, solvent selection, infusion rate, drug compatibility, etc.