第三世界的政治主题转换及其对世界政治的影响

The Transformation of Common Political Themes of the Third World and Its Impact on the World Politics

第三世界国家由于在现代世界体系中占据了相同的结构性位置,因而形成了共同的政治主题,而且自第二次世界大战以来第三世界国家的共同政治主题经历了两次转换。第一次是从政权建设转向民主转型,第二次则是从民主转型转向国家治理。第三世界国家的共同政治主题转换虽然是由国内政治冲突直接导致的,但是根源却在于现代世界体系为第三世界国家确定的两个核心任务即建立政治秩序和实现经济发展之间的相契与紧张关系。第三世界国家的共同政治主题的转换是在现代世界体系中进行的,因此自然会对世界政治产生重大影响。通过观察第三世界国家的政治主题转换对第三世界、西方核心国家、国际结构以及世界霸权的影响,可以发现,政权建设向民主转型的转换强化了西方国家的政治优势地位,因而实际上起到了巩固等级性国际结构的作用,而民主转型向国家治理的转换则悄然改变了第三世界国家与西方核心国家之间的关系,因此推动了新型国际结构的孕育成型和世界政治的转型。

The third world countries have formed the common political themes because of the same structural position in the modern world system. Moreover, the political themes have experienced two transitions since the Second World War. The first was from state-building to democratization,and the second was from democratization to national governance. The transformation of the political themes was a direct result of the domestic conflicts; however,its root lied in the compatible or conflicting relationship between establishing political order and accomplishing economic development, which are decided by the modern world system. The transformation of political themes has brought critical impact on the world politics which could be analyzed from the third world,the western core countries,the international structure and the global hegemony,we find that the first transition has consolidated the core position of the western countries,but the second transition have changed the relation between the third world and the western world,and it has promoted the formation of new international structure and the transformation of the world politics. The causality between the third world and the world politics implies that the third world is not an outdated conception,and it still has important academic value and practical significance in contemporary world.