二十世纪下半叶鄱阳湖区的“农进渔退”

The Development of Agriculture and Decline of Fishery in the Poyang Lake Area in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century

渔业是鄱阳湖区的传统产业,明清至民国时期在区域经济中占有重要地位。20世纪下半叶鄱阳湖区出现明显的"农进渔退",农业主体地位空前加强,渔业迅速衰退。这一进程的动力机制主要包括人口增长、制度与政策变化、便于围垦的自然环境以及稻田比水面更具经济价值等。农进渔退与后来鄱阳湖区乃至长江中下游地区的生态环境恶化具有因果关系,主要表现为水旱灾害频发和加剧、生物多样性遭到破坏。对此,应以马克思主义的历史主义观点予以具体分析,这样才能为产业转化及区域经济的绿色发展提供有益的历史借鉴。

As a traditional industry of the Poyang Lake area,fishery played an important role in the regional economy during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republican period.In the second half of the twentieth century,the Poyang Lake area experienced a significant'development of agriculture and decline of fishery':agriculture saw unprecedented development,but fishery declined rapidly.The dynamics of this process included population growth,institutional and policy changes,a natural environment which invited reclamation,and the fact that paddy fields had a higher economic value than water areas.This process caused the deterioration of the environment in the Poyang Lake area and in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in general.The deterioration was mainly exhibited in frequent and intensified floods,droughts,and the destruction of biodiversity.We should analyze this phenomenon from the Marxist historical point of view in order to provide a useful historical reference for the industrial transformation and eco-friendly regional economic development of the area.