密度和肥料对马铃薯‘渝马铃薯3号’主要性状及产量的影响

Effects of Density and Fertilizer on Main Characteristics and Yield of 'Yumalingshu 3'

利用L9(34)正交设计,研究密度和氮磷钾肥料因素对‘渝马铃薯3号’主要性状及产量的影响,得出高产栽培最佳模型,为品种推广提供依据。结果表明,‘渝马铃薯3号’正交试验各处理在主茎数、单株块茎数、商品薯数比和商品薯重比4个性状间无明显差异,在株高和单株块茎重间差异明显;密度间、施氮量间株高差异显著或极显著,施磷量和施钾量间株高无显著差异;密度越大,株高越低,氮肥用量越高,株高越高。单株块茎重除密度间差异显著外,氮磷钾因素间均达极显著水平;密度4 000株/667m^2和氮肥用量10 kg/667m^2时的单株块茎重最高;单株块茎重随磷肥用量增加而增加;钾肥用量11 kg/667m^2时单株块茎重最高。‘渝马铃薯3号’高产栽培最佳组合为T5处理,即密度4 000株/667m^2、施氮量10 kg/667m^2、施磷量6 kg/667m^2、施钾量为11 kg/667m^2时,‘渝马铃薯3号’鲜薯产量可达2 508 kg/667m^2。

Effects of density, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the main characteristics and yield of ‘Yumalingshu 3＇ were studied in a L9（3^4） orthogonal design to get the best model for high-yielding cultivation and providing the basis for promotion of varieties. No significant differences were found for main stem numbers, tuber numbers per plant, and ratios of marketable tuber numbers and marketable tuber weight, while plant height and tuber weight per plant had significant difference. The plant height between different densities and nitrogen application rates had significant or highly significant difference, respectively, however, no significant difference in the amount of phosphorus and potassium application was found. The plant height was lower with the increase in density, while it was higher with the increase in nitrogen application rate. The tuber weight per plant was significantly different in the different densities, and different N, P and K were all highly significant. The tuber weight per plant was the highest with the density 4 000 plants/667m^2, nitrogen fertilizer 10 kg/667m^2 and potassium fertilizer 11 kg/667m^2. The tuber weight per plant increased with the increase in phosphate fertilizer application rate. The best combination for high-yielding cultivation of ‘Yumalingshu 3＇ was T5 treatment, i.e. density 4 000 plants/667m^2, nitrogen fertilizer application rate 10 kg/667m^2, phosphorus fertilizer application rate 6 kg/667m^2, and the potassium fertilizer application rate 11 kg/667m^2. In this combination ‘Yumalingshu 3＇ fresh potato yield was up to 2 508 kg/667m^2.