花椒嫁接技术研究

Grafting techniques in Zanthoxylum bungeanum

为了给花椒生产中快速、高效嫁接方法的选择提供参考,依据花椒生产对嫁接育苗的要求,针对花椒嫁接研究现状,选择嵌芽接、单芽切接、T字型芽接、插皮接、嫩枝腹接和单芽腹切接6种嫁接方法,从接穗的采集与贮存、接穗品种、砧木类别、嫁接时间、嫁接人员、嫁接速率及土壤水分等方面进行了对比试验研究。结果表明：在陇南白龙江沿岸花椒产区,采用嵌芽接方法嫁接的效率最高,嫁接成活率最高。春季于12月底到3月初采集接穗,并贮存于0~5℃的低温中,3月下旬到4月下旬嫁接;夏季随采随接,7月中旬到8月上旬嫁接,成活率可达到90%以上,有效嫁接时间均可以达到30 d以上。采用单芽切接的方法在春季嫁接,成活率可达到95%以上,嫁接时间可延长到30 d左右。

In order to provide some references for select out some rapid and efficient grafting methods in Zanthoxylum bungeanum production, according to the requirements on grafting seedlings in Z. bungeanum production, in consideration of the situation of the studies about Z. bungeanum grafting, a contrast experiment was carried out from the aspects of collection and storing of scions, scion variety, stock kind, grafting time, grafting person, grafting efficiency, soil moisture and so on, by using six grafting methods. The grafting methods included plate budding, single bud grafting, T-type budding, bark whip grafting, twig side grafting, and single bud side grafting. The results showed that, both efficient and survival rate of plate budding were the highest at Z. bungeanum production area along Bailong River. The scions should be picked from late December to March of spring, stored at 0-5℃ , and grafted from late March to late April. Scions should be immediately grafted after picking in summer. When grafting from middle July to early August, the survival rate could reach more than 90%, and grafting time could be over 30 days. In spring, the survival rate of single bud grafting could reach more than 95%, and grafting time could be extend to about 30 days.