南极政治的进程、挑战与中国的参与战略——从地缘政治博弈到全球治理

The Process of Antarctic Politics,Its Challenges and China's Strategy for Participation: From Geopolitical Competition to Global Governance

自18世纪末被发现以来,南极不仅是地缘政治博弈的舞台,也日益成为全球治理的重要区域,其政治进程深受地缘政治和治理政治的交互影响。作为这两种机制平衡的结果,南极形成了以《南极条约》为基础、多方合作与竞争并存的相对稳定状态。但随着经济技术的发展和环境的变化,南极条约的局限性日渐凸显,以其为基础的南极政治生态也面临越来越多的潜在挑战。对中国而言,继续维护南极条约体系的稳定,巩固在南极地区的实质性存在,扩大中国对南极政治进程的实际参与和话语权,统筹南极战略与全球战略,具有长远的战略意义。

Since the discovery in the late 18th century, the Antarctic has not only been a stage for geopoliti- cal competition, but also an increasingly important area of global governance. Its political process has been deeply influenced by the interactions between geopolitics and governance politics, which resulted in the contemporary relatively stable political ecology based on the Antarctic Treaty System, with the coexistence of cooperation and competition. However, the development and transformation in economy, technology and politics highlights the limitations of ATS, and the political ecology based on it has been confronted with growing challenge. Given that trend, it is of comprehensive strategic significance for China to maintain the stability of ATS, enhance substantive existence, expand real engagement, strengthen the discourse power in the Antarctic, and to coordinate China＇s Antarctic and zlobal strategies.