近10年来我国松脂资源的动态变化——基于“连清”数据的动态评估

Dynamic Change of Pine Resin Resources in China in the Last Ten Years——Based on the Data of Continuous Forest Resource Inventory

【目的】研究近年来我国松脂资源的动态变化及发展趋势,分析论证松脂资源变化的原因和存在的问题,以期为我国松香产业发展提供基础资源数据。【方法】基于已经公布的2002和2012年全国森林资源连续清查数据,采用"径级株数法"对我国采脂松树资源和松脂贮量进行计算估测分析。【结果】目前我国成规模的采脂松有马尾松、云南松、思茅松和湿地松4个树种,林分面积和蓄积分别为985.5万hm^2、5.821 2万m^3,447.8万hm^2、4.947 5亿m^3,55.8万hm^2、5 982万m^3,10.5万hm^2、515万m^3。全国可采脂松树总面积为1 499.6万hm^2,较2002年减少33.2%;松脂总贮藏量为562.1万t·a^(-1),较2002年增加118.4%;林分单位面积的蓄积量和贮脂量分别为76.1 m^3·hm^(-2)和1 090.5 kg·hm^(-2)a^(-1),较2002年分别增长57.56%和89.1%。其中,近、成、过熟林面积占总量的35.1%,增加13.0%,蓄积占总量的57.0%,增加12.8%;幼、中龄林面积占总量的64.9%,减少13.0%,蓄积占总量的43.0%,减少12.8%。主要用于采脂的用材林和薪炭林面积为889.7万hm^2,占总量的59.3%,增长4.8%,数量较2002年减少38.2%;单位面积蓄积为67.6 m^3·hm^(-2),较2002年增加52.2%;松脂贮藏量为404.7万t·a^(-1),占总量的72.0%,下降8.9%,数量较2002年增长150.3%。【结论】我国采脂松树资源林分质量有所提高,松脂资源总量增长,单位面积贮脂量增加,后续采脂资源中幼龄林减少较多,本土传统优势的采脂松树马尾松数量剧减。可采脂松树资源中近、成、过熟林比例大幅增加,面积由原占22.1%增至占35.1%,蓄积由原占44.2%增至占57.0%,幼、中龄林大幅减少。全国17个省(市)区均有规模采脂松树资源分布,云南的资源量和贮脂量最多,各地的数量前后期相比较发生了较大变化,松脂资源由过去主要在沿海分布转向西南内陆地区的趋势明显。

【Objective】In order to provide the basic data for the rosin industry development in China,the dynamic changes of pine resin resources and its development tendency in recent years were investigated,at the same time,the causes of changes and its existing problems were also analyzed.【Method】Based on the published data of national forest resource continuous inventory in 2002 and 2012,the＂diameter class method＂was used for calculating and analyzing the China＇s pine resin resources and rosin storage. 【Result】The results showed that the large-scale resin-obtained pine trees were Pinus massoniana,P. yunnanensis,P. kesiya and P. elliottii. The area and wood accumulation of those four forest stands were 985. 5 × 10^4hm^2 and 58 212 × 10^4m^3,447. 8 × 10^4hm^2 and 49 475 × 10^4m^3,55. 8 × 10^4hm^2 and 5 982 × 10^4m^3,and 10. 5 × 10^4hm^2 and 515 × 10^4m^3,respectively. The total area of pine forest resources available for resin collection in China was 1 499. 6 × 10^4hm^2,which decreased 33. 2% compared with that of 2002. The total amount of pine resin storage was 562. 1 × 10^4t·a^-1,which increased 118. 4% compared with that of 2002. The stand volume and the amount of pine resin storage per unit forest area were 76. 1 m^3·hm^-2and 1 090. 5 kg · hm^-2a^-1,respectively,which increased57. 56% and 89. 1% compared with those of 2002,respectively. The near-mature,mature and over-mature forest areaaccounted for 35. 1% and increased by 13. 0%,the stocking volume was 57. 0% of the total and increased by 12. 8%.The young and middle age forest area accounted for 64. 9% and reduced by 13. 0%,the stocking volume was 43% of the total and reduced by 12. 8%. The total area of forest mainly used for resin collection and fuelwood was 889. 7 × 10^4hm^2,accounting for 59. 3% of the total amount and increased by 4. 8%,with a decrease of 38. 2% compared to that of 2002.The stand volume per unit area was 67. 6 m^3·hm^-2with an increase of 52. 2% compared to that of 2002. The pine resin storage was 404. 7 × 10^4t·a^-1,accounting for 72. 0% of the total and dropped by 8. 9% with increase of 150. 3%compared with that of 2002.【Conclusion】The quality of China＇s pine forest resources available for resin collection was improved,the total amount of resin resources and resin storage per unit area were both increased,the subsequent mining pine resin resources in young forest decreased largely,the number of P. massoniana declined sharply. The proportion of pine resin resources in the pine tree was increased significantly,the area increased from 22. 1% to 35. 1%,and the accumulation increased from 44. 2% to 57. 0%,young and middle age forest decreased significantly. The distribution of scale mining resin pine resources was observed in 17 provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions,and the resources amount and pine resin storage quantity were the most in Yunnan Province. The trend that pine resin resources were transferred from the past mainly in the coastal to landlocked southwestern area exhibited significantly.