元代江南寺院侵占儒学田产现象探析——以胡文昭公墓据碑为中心

Contention for Farmland between Buddhist Temples in Jiangnan Areas and Confucian Schools in Yuan Dynasty: Focusing on Tombstone of Huyuan(胡瑗)

在元代江南地区寺院侵占学田的现象甚夥,其中寺院侵占由儒学管辖的北宋理学家胡瑗的墓地一事尤为瞩目。该文利用史志、碑刻史料,对胡瑗墓地纠纷进行个案研究,并在此基础上对寺院侵占学田现象作总体考察,指出在崇信佛教的前提背景下元统治者实行的佛教政策及管理制度是导致在释儒田产纠纷中相关政令低效和释强儒弱等问题的根本原因,在释儒田产纠纷中地方士宦多倾向于站在儒学立场上行事,旨在帮助儒学与佛教争夺地区文化主导权以维系儒家文化的命脉。

It was a common phenomenon for the Buddhist temples to encroach on Confucian school - owned land in Jiangnan areas in Yuan Dynasty, especially the case of occupation by the temple of Huyuan＇s （胡瑗, a neo - Confucianism educationalist in Northern Song Dynasty） cemetery which managed by the Confu- cian school. This paper explores the dispute making use of historical annals and inscription materials, and makes an overall investigation of the contention for farmland between the Buddhist temples and the Confucian schools. The author argues that under the context of believing in Buddhism, the contention results fundamen- tally from the policy of Buddhism and management of the rulers of Yuan Dynasty. However, in the dispute, the local officials tended to support the Confucianism, in order to help the Confucianism＇s struggle for region- al cultural dominance and to maintain the lifeblood of the Confucian culture.