深圳市市售海产品中砷、镉、铅含量分析及风险评价

Detection and potential health risk assessment of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in retail seafood in Shenzhen

[目的]了解深圳市市售海产品中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)的含量,为食品安全监管提供依据。[方法]分别在深圳市蛇口市场、福田市场、布吉市场采集162份海产品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS测定As、Cd、Pb含量,根据GB 2762—2012《食品中污染物限量》并运用危害商数(target hazard quotients,THQs)评价食用海产品对人体健康的潜在风险。[结果]As在双壳贝类中的质量分数(下称"含量")范围为(0.62~2.99)mg/kg,在鱼类中的含量范围为(0.27~2.41)mg/kg;Cd在双壳贝类中的含量范围为(0.09~2.30)mg/kg,在鱼类中的含量范围为(0.005~0.014)mg/kg;Pb在双壳贝类中的含量范围为(0.057~0.62)mg/kg,在鱼类中的含量范围为(0.02~0.05)mg/kg。[结论]Cd和Pb在双壳贝类中含量高于鱼类,比目鱼和红鳍笛鲷中As含量与部分海湾扇贝中Cd含量超过了GB 2762—2012《食品中污染物限量》要求,但危害商数评价显示:目前市场上的海产品相对安全,对人体健康危害的潜在风险较小。

[Objective] To detect the contents of arsenic（As）, cadmium（Cd）, and lead（Pb） in retail seafood in Shenzhen, and to provide a basis for food safety supervision. [Methods] The levels of As, Cd, and Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 162 retail seafood samples collected from the marketplaces of Shekou, Futian, and Buji. The potential health risks of the seafood samples were assessed by target hazard quotients（THQs） according to the Maximum levels of contaminants in foods（GB 2762-2012）. [Results] The As mass fraction was（0.62-2.99） mg/kg in the bivalves and（0.27-2.41） mg/kg in fish. The Cd mass fraction was（0.09-2.30） mg/kg in bivalves and（0.005-0.014） mg/kg in fish. The Pb mass fraction was（0.057-0.62） mg/kg in bivalves and（0.02-0.05） mg/kg in fish. [Conclusion] The Cd and Pb levels are higher in bivalves than in fish, and the As level in Lutjanus erythopterus and Paralichthys olivaceus and the Cd level in Argopecten irradias are higher than the maximum contamination levels prescribed in GB 2762-2012. According to the calculated THQs of As, Cd, and Pb, however, the retail seafood are safe and pose little potential health risks.